To get silky water, mount the camera on a tripod and use a slow shutter speed, usually between half a second and a few seconds. In daylight you will need a low ISO, a small aperture and often a neutral density filter to keep the picture from turning white.
What You Need
- A sturdy tripod, ideally with legs that can sit in uneven or wet ground
- A neutral density filter, or a variable one, to cut light
- A circular polarizer to reduce glare on wet rocks and leaves
- A remote release or a 2 second timer
- A microfiber cloth for spray on the lens
Step-by-Step Settings
- Set up the tripod on firm footing and compose the scene. Look for leading lines, such as a stream bed or a curve in the rocks.
- Switch to manual mode or aperture priority, and shoot RAW.
- Set ISO to its base value, often 100.
- Choose an aperture of f/11 to f/16. This keeps the scene sharp and lengthens the exposure naturally. Very small apertures can soften detail, so stay moderate.
- Focus manually using live view at high magnification, then turn autofocus off.
- Attach the polarizer and rotate it until reflections fade, then add the neutral density filter if the shutter speed is too fast.
- Take a test shot. Aim for a shutter speed around 0.5 to 2 seconds for a smooth but textured flow, or longer for a misty look.
- Check the histogram for blown highlights in the white water, and reduce exposure if needed.
These numbers are general baseline values.
Choose the Right Conditions
Overcast days and shaded canyons work well, since the light is even and bright patches are not harsh. Early morning and late afternoon also reduce the need for strong filters. Bright, direct sun on the water creates hot spots that are difficult to control.
Keep It Looking Natural
Very long exposures can make water look like fog and remove all structure. Try several speeds and compare. Faster flow suits a large waterfall, while a small cascade may need a longer exposure to look soft.
Keep Gear Dry
Spray can land on the front element and leave drops that ruin frames. Wipe the lens often, use a hood and keep a spare cloth in a pocket. Step carefully near wet rocks, and do not take chances for a better angle.
FAQ
Can I do this without a filter?
Yes, in dim light such as dawn, dusk or deep shade. In bright light you will need a filter to reach a slow shutter.
Why are my rocks blurry?
Wind, a loose tripod or touching the camera can cause it. Use a remote release and hang weight from the tripod center.
The Short Version
Use a tripod, base ISO, a mid-small aperture and a filter to reach a shutter speed near one second. Choose overcast light, check the histogram and keep the lens dry.
