A long exposure keeps the shutter open for a second or more, so moving things such as water, clouds and traffic blur while still objects stay sharp. You need a tripod, a low ISO, a small aperture and a way to trigger the shutter without shaking the camera. Follow the steps below for a reliable result.
What You Need
- A sturdy tripod, set on firm ground
- A remote release, or the camera’s two-second timer
- A neutral density filter for daytime, which darkens the scene so you can use longer shutter speeds
- A lens cloth, since long shoots near water collect spray
- A fully charged spare battery, as long exposures use more power
Step-by-Step Method
- Mount the camera on the tripod and level it. Hang a bag from the center column for extra stability if your tripod allows it.
- Switch off image stabilization if the manual recommends it for tripod use.
- Compose and focus. Autofocus first, then switch to manual so the focus does not change.
- Set ISO to the lowest value, usually 100.
- Choose aperture priority or manual mode, with an aperture of f/8 to f/11 for sharp scenery.
- Choose the shutter speed from the table below, using manual mode or bulb for times past the camera’s longest setting.
- Release the shutter using the timer or remote.
- Check the picture and histogram, then adjust the shutter speed or filter strength.
Shutter Speed Guide
| Subject | General range | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Flowing stream | 1/2 to 2 seconds | Silky but textured water |
| Waves or sea | 5 to 30 seconds | Misty, smooth surface |
| Moving clouds | 30 seconds to several minutes | Streaks across the sky |
| Crowds in a street | 1 to 5 seconds | Ghost-like figures |
These ranges depend on how fast things move. Try several and choose by eye.
Common Problems and Fixes
- Soft images: Tripod vibration. Use a heavier setup, shield the camera from wind and avoid touching it during the exposure.
- Overexposed highlights: Use a darker filter, a smaller aperture or a faster shutter.
- Color cast from filters: Set a custom white balance or fix in editing.
- Noise or hot spots: Some cameras apply long exposure noise reduction, which doubles the processing time. Try it on and off.
- Light leaking in: Cover the viewfinder if the camera has an optical one, using the cap or the eyepiece shutter.
FAQ
Can I do a long exposure without a filter?
Yes, at dawn, dusk or night, when the light is low. In daytime, the scene is too bright, so a neutral density filter is needed.
What is bulb mode?
Bulb keeps the shutter open as long as you hold the release. Use it for exposures longer than the camera’s built-in settings.
The Short Version
Use a tripod, low ISO and small aperture, trigger the shutter without touching it, and lengthen the exposure until the motion looks right. A darker filter lets you do this in daylight.
