A camera that will not focus is most often set to manual focus, too close to the subject, shooting in dim or low-contrast light, or using the wrong focus mode. Check the switches and settings first, then the lens and the light.
Check the Basics First
- Look at the focus switch on the lens and the body, and make sure both are set to autofocus.
- Confirm you are farther away than the lens minimum focus distance.
- Press the shutter release halfway and wait for the focus confirmation.
- Check that a back-button focus setting has not replaced the shutter button.
- Clean the front and rear lens glass, and wipe the electrical contacts gently with a dry cloth.
- Remove the lens, refit it and test again.
Understand the Common Causes
| Problem | What happens | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Low light | Camera hunts back and forth | Add light or use a focus assist lamp |
| Low contrast subject | No edge to lock onto | Aim at a high contrast edge, then recompose |
| Wrong focus area | Focus lands on the background | Use a smaller single point |
| Wrong mode | Moving subjects blur | Use continuous focus |
| Obstruction | Fence, glass or fog | Move or use manual focus |
Focus Mode and Area Settings
- Use single autofocus for still subjects and continuous autofocus for moving ones.
- Choose a single point or small zone for precise control, and a wide area for fast, unpredictable action.
- Try eye or subject detection if your camera offers it and the setting is on.
- Check whether the camera is set to release priority, which can allow a shot before focus is confirmed.
When Focus Is Close but Not Sharp
If the camera says it has focus but images are soft, the cause could be shake, a shutter speed that is too slow, a very shallow depth of field at a wide aperture, or a lens that needs calibration. Try a faster shutter, a smaller aperture and a second lens. Some cameras allow fine tuning of focus per lens, which you can use with a test chart. If the problem follows one lens or one body, contact the maker or a repair shop.
When to Use Manual Focus
Switch to manual focus in very dark scenes, through glass, in fog, with macro subjects and on a tripod. Turn on focus peaking or magnify the live view to check sharpness.
FAQ
Why does it focus in the viewfinder but not in live view?
Some cameras use different focus systems for each mode, so settings and behavior can differ. Check the manual for your model.
Can a filter cause focus trouble?
Yes. A dirty or low quality filter can reduce contrast. Try removing it as a test.
The Short Version
Check switches, distance, light and focus settings, then clean the lens contacts. If problems follow a specific lens or body, have it checked.
